Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ jobs:
               libtest-tcp-perl \
               libtest-warnings-perl \
               liburi-perl \
+              libwww-perl \
               net-tools \
               make \
               ;
@@ -61,33 +62,28 @@ jobs:
           - fedora:39
           - fedora:latest
           - fedora:rawhide
-          # RedHat UBI is mostly garbage due to a profound lack of basic
+          - almalinux:8
-          # packages.  It is tested anyway because it's the closest available
+          - almalinux:latest
-          # approximation of RHEL.  Some of the packages needed for some tests
-          # aren't available, so those tests will be skipped.  I guess it's
-          # still better than nothing.
-          - registry.access.redhat.com/ubi7/ubi:latest
-          - registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8/ubi:latest
-          - registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9/ubi:latest
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     container:
       image: ${{ matrix.image }}
     steps:
-      - if: ${{ matrix.image != 'registry.access.redhat.com/ubi7/ubi:latest' }}
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: enable repositories (AlmaLinux 8)
-      # ubi7 is too old for checkout@v4.
+        if: ${{ matrix.image == 'almalinux:8' }}
-      - if: ${{ matrix.image == 'registry.access.redhat.com/ubi7/ubi:latest' }}
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - name: install dependencies
-        # The --skip-broken argument works around RedHat UBI's missing packages.
-        # (They're only used for testing, so it's OK to not install them.)
         run: |
-          inst="dnf --refresh --skip-broken install -y"
+          dnf --refresh install -y 'dnf-command(config-manager)' epel-release &&
-          case '${{ matrix.image }}' in
+          dnf config-manager --set-enabled powertools
-              # RedHat UBI 7 (RHEL 7) doesn't have dnf.
+      - name: enable repositories (AlmaLinux latest)
-              *ubi7*) inst="yum --skip-broken install -y";;
+        if: ${{ matrix.image == 'almalinux:latest' }}
-          esac
+        run: |
-          ${inst} \
+          dnf --refresh install -y 'dnf-command(config-manager)' epel-release &&
+          dnf config-manager --set-enabled crb
+      - name: install dependencies
+        # The --skip-broken argument works around missing packages.  (They're
+        # only used for testing, so it's OK to not install them.)
+        run: |
+          dnf --refresh install --skip-broken -y \
               automake \
               findutils \
               iproute \
@@ -102,6 +98,7 @@ jobs:
               perl-Test-TCP \
               perl-Test-Warnings \
               perl-core \
+              perl-libwww-perl \
               net-tools \
               ;
       - name: autogen

ChangeLog.md

@@ -3,18 +3,37 @@
 This document describes notable changes. For details, see the [source code
 repository history](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/commits/master).
 
-## v3.11.3~alpha (unreleased work-in-progress)
+## v4.0.0~alpha (unreleased work-in-progress)
 
 ### Breaking changes
 
+  * The `--ssl` option is now enabled by default.
+    [#705](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/pull/705)
   * Unencrypted (plain) HTTP is now used instead of encrypted (TLS) HTTP if the
     URL uses `http://` instead of `https://`, even if the `--ssl` option is
     enabled.  [#608](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/pull/608)
+  * The `googledomains` built-in web IP discovery service
+    (`--webv4=googledomains`, `--webv6=googledomains`, and
+    `--web=googledomains`) is deprecated due to the service shutting down.  It
+    will be removed in a future version of ddclient.
+    [5b104ad1](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/commit/5b104ad116c023c3760129cab6e141f04f72b406)
   * The default web service for `--webv4` and `--webv6` has changed from Google
     Domains (which is shutting down) to ipify.
     [5b104ad1](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/commit/5b104ad116c023c3760129cab6e141f04f72b406)
   * All log messages are now written to STDERR, not a mix of STDOUT and STDERR.
     [#676](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/pull/676)
+  * For `--protocol=freedns` and `--protocol=nfsn`, the core module
+    `Digest::SHA` is now required.  Previously, `Digest::SHA1` was used (if
+    available) as an alternative to `Digest::SHA`.
+    [#685](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/pull/685)
+  * The `he` built-in web IP discovery service (`--webv4=he`, `--webv6=he`, and
+    `--web=he`) was renamed to `he.net` for consistency with the new `he.net`
+    protocol.  The old name is still accepted but is deprecated and will be
+    removed in a future version of ddclient.
+    [#682](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/pull/682)
+  * Deprecated built-in web IP discovery services are not listed in the output
+    of `--list-web-services`.
+    [#682](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/pull/682)
 
 ### New features
 
@@ -41,6 +60,16 @@ repository history](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/commits/master).
   * The second and subsequent lines in a multi-line log message are now prefixed
     with a `|` character.
     [#676](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/pull/676)
+  * `emailonly`: New `protocol` option that simply emails you when your IP
+    address changes.  [#654](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/pull/654)
+  * `he.net`: Added support for updating Hurricane Electric records.
+    [#682](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/pull/682)
+  * `dyndns2`, `domeneshop`, `dnsmadeeasy`, `keysystems`, `woima`: The `server`
+    option can now include `http://` or `https://` to control the use of TLS.
+    If omitted, the value of the `ssl` option is used to determine the scheme.
+    [#703](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/pull/703)
+  * `ddns.fm`: New `protocol` option for updating [DDNS.FM](https://ddns.fm/)
+    records.  [#695](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/pull/695)
 
 ### Bug fixes
 
@@ -73,6 +102,14 @@ repository history](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/commits/master).
     [#667](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/pull/667)
   * Fixed unnecessary repeated updates for some services.
     [#670](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/pull/670)
+  * Fixed DNSExit provider when configured with a zone and non-identical
+    hostname.  [#673](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/issues/673)
+  * `infomaniak`: Fixed frequent forced updates after 25 days (`max-interval`).
+    [#691](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/issues/691)
+  * `infomaniak`: Fixed incorrect parsing of server response.
+    [#692](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/issues/692)
+  * `regfishde`: Fixed IPv6 support.
+    [#691](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/issues/691)
 
 ## 2023-11-23 v3.11.2
 
@@ -136,7 +173,7 @@ Refer to [v3.11 release plan discussions](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/i
 
   * Added support for domaindiscount24.com
   * Added support for njal.la
- 
+
 ## 2022-05-15 v3.10.0_2
 
 ### Bug fixes

Makefile.am

@@ -63,8 +63,13 @@ AM_PL_LOG_FLAGS = -Mstrict -w \
 	-MDevel::Autoflush
 handwritten_tests = \
 	t/builtinfw_query.pl \
+	t/dnsexit2.pl \
 	t/get_ip_from_if.pl \
 	t/geturl_connectivity.pl \
+	t/geturl_response.pl \
+	t/group_hosts_by.pl \
+	t/header_ok.pl \
+	t/interval_expired.pl \
 	t/is-and-extract-ipv4.pl \
 	t/is-and-extract-ipv6.pl \
 	t/is-and-extract-ipv6-global.pl \
@@ -72,7 +77,8 @@ handwritten_tests = \
 	t/parse_assignments.pl \
 	t/skip.pl \
 	t/ssl-validate.pl \
-	t/write_cache.pl
+	t/variable_defaults.pl \
+	t/write_recap.pl
 generated_tests = \
 	t/version.pl
 TESTS = $(handwritten_tests) $(generated_tests)

README.md

@@ -17,11 +17,13 @@ Dynamic DNS services currently supported include:
 * [ChangeIP](https://www.changeip.com)
 * [CloudFlare](https://www.cloudflare.com)
 * [ClouDNS](https://www.cloudns.net)
+* [DDNS.fm](https://www.ddns.fm/)
 * [DigitalOcean](https://www.digitalocean.com/)
 * [dinahosting](https://dinahosting.com)
 * [DonDominio](https://www.dondominio.com)
 * [DNS Made Easy](https://dnsmadeeasy.com)
 * [DNSExit](https://dnsexit.com/dns/dns-api)
+* [dnsHome.de](https://www.dnshome.de)
 * [Domeneshop](https://api.domeneshop.no/docs/#tag/ddns/paths/~1dyndns~1update/get)
 * [DslReports](https://www.dslreports.com)
 * [Duck DNS](https://duckdns.org)
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@ Dynamic DNS services currently supported include:
 * [Gandi](https://gandi.net)
 * [GoDaddy](https://www.godaddy.com)
 * [Google](https://domains.google)
+* [Hurricane Electric](https://dns.he.net)
 * [Infomaniak](https://faq.infomaniak.com/2376)
 * [Loopia](https://www.loopia.se)
 * [Mythic Beasts](https://www.mythic-beasts.com/support/api/dnsv2/dynamic-dns)
@@ -130,9 +133,16 @@ Note that any issues prior to version v3.9.1 will not be listed here.
 If a fix is committed but not yet part of any tagged release, the notes here will reference the not-yet-released version number.
 
 ### v3.11.2 - v3.9.1: SSL parameter breaks HTTP-only IP acquisition
-The `ssl` parameter forces all connections to use HTTPS. While technically working as expected, this behavior keeps coming up as a pain point when using HTTP-only IP querying sites such as http://checkip.dyndns.org. For the future (v3.11.3), the behavior is changed to respect `http://` in a URL. A separate parameter to disallow all HTTP connections or warn about them may be added later.
 
-**Fix**: v3.11.3 will use HTTP to connect to URLs starting with `http://`. See [here](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/pull/608) for more info.
+The `ssl` parameter forces all connections to use HTTPS.  While technically
+working as expected, this behavior keeps coming up as a pain point when using
+HTTP-only IP querying sites such as http://checkip.dyndns.org.  Starting with
+v4.0.0, the behavior is changed to respect `http://` in a URL.  A separate
+parameter to disallow all HTTP connections or warn about them may be added
+later.
+
+**Fix**: v4.0.0 uses HTTP to connect to URLs starting with `http://`.  See
+[here](https://github.com/ddclient/ddclient/pull/608) for more info.
 
 **Workaround**: Disable the SSL parameter
 

configure.ac

@@ -36,7 +36,18 @@ AC_PROG_MKDIR_P
 AC_PATH_PROG([FIND], [find])
 AS_IF([test -z "${FIND}"], [AC_MSG_ERROR(['find' utility not found])])
 
-AC_PATH_PROG([CURL], [curl])
+AC_ARG_WITH([curl],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING([[--with-curl[=CURL]]], [use CURL as absolute path to curl executable])],
+  [],
+  [with_curl=yes])
+AS_CASE([${with_curl}],
+  [[yes]], [AC_PATH_PROG([CURL], [curl])],
+  [[no]], [CURL=],
+  [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for curl])
+    CURL=${with_curl}
+    AC_MSG_RESULT([${CURL}])
+  ]);
 AS_IF([test -z "${CURL}"], [AC_MSG_ERROR([curl not found])])
 
 AX_WITH_PROG([PERL], perl)
@@ -49,6 +60,7 @@ AC_SUBST([PERL])
 # package doesn't depend on all of them, so their availability can't
 # be assumed.
 m4_foreach_w([_m], [
+    Data::Dumper
     File::Basename
     File::Path
     File::Temp
@@ -63,7 +75,6 @@ m4_foreach_w([_m], [
 # then some tests will fail. Only prints a warning if not installed.
 m4_foreach_w([_m], [
     B
-    Data::Dumper
     File::Spec::Functions
     File::Temp
   ], [AX_PROG_PERL_MODULES([_m], [],
@@ -80,6 +91,8 @@ m4_foreach_w([_m], [
     HTTP::Message::PSGI
     HTTP::Request
     HTTP::Response
+    JSON::PP
+    LWP::UserAgent
     Scalar::Util
     Test::MockModule
     Test::TCP

ddclient.conf.in

@@ -16,13 +16,16 @@
 ##          are mentioned here.
 ##
 ######################################################################
+
+## Use encryption (TLS) when the scheme (either "http://" or "https://") is
+## missing from a URL.  Defaults to "yes".
+#ssl=yes
+
 daemon=300				# check every 300 seconds
 syslog=yes				# log update msgs to syslog
 mail=root				# mail all msgs to root
 mail-failure=root		# mail failed update msgs to root
 pid=@runstatedir@/ddclient.pid		# record PID in file.
-ssl=yes					# use ssl-support.  Works with
-						# ssl-library
 # postscript=script		# run script after updating.  The
 						# new IP is added as argument.
 #
@@ -222,6 +225,13 @@ ssl=yes					# use ssl-support.  Works with
 # password=my-auto-generated-password
 # my.domain.tld, otherhost.domain.tld
 
+##
+## Hurricane Electric (dns.he.net)
+##
+# protocol=he.net,                      \
+# password=my-genereated-password       \
+# myhost.example.com
+
 ##
 ## Duckdns (http://www.duckdns.org/)
 ##
@@ -238,6 +248,14 @@ ssl=yes					# use ssl-support.  Works with
 # password=my-token
 # myhost
 
+##
+## DDNS.FM (https://ddns.fm/)
+##
+#
+# protocol=ddns.fm,
+# password=my-token
+# myhost.example.com
+
 ##
 ## MyOnlinePortal (http://myonlineportal.net)
 ##
@@ -391,3 +409,18 @@ ssl=yes					# use ssl-support.  Works with
 # password=ddns_password
 # redirect=2
 # example.com
+
+##
+## Email Only
+##
+# protocol=emailonly
+# host.example.com
+
+##
+## dnsHome.de
+##
+# protocol=dyndns2           \
+# server=www.dnshome.de      \
+# login=subdomain.domain.tld \
+# password=your_password     \
+# subdomain.domain.tld

t/dnsexit2.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+use Test::More;
+eval { require JSON::PP; } or plan(skip_all => $@);
+JSON::PP->import(qw(encode_json decode_json));
+eval { require 'ddclient'; } or BAIL_OUT($@);
+eval { require ddclient::Test::Fake::HTTPD; } or plan(skip_all => $@);
+eval { require LWP::UserAgent; } or plan(skip_all => $@);
+
+ddclient::load_json_support('dnsexit2');
+
+my @requests;  # Declare global variable to store requests, used for tests.
+my @httpd_requests; # Declare variable specificly used for the httpd process (which cannot be shared with tests).
+my $httpd = ddclient::Test::Fake::HTTPD->new();
+
+$httpd->run(sub {
+    my ($req) = @_;
+    if ($req->uri->as_string eq '/get_requests') {
+        return [200, ['Content-Type' => 'application/json'], [encode_json(\@httpd_requests)]];
+    } elsif ($req->uri->as_string eq '/reset_requests') {
+        @httpd_requests = ();
+        return [200, ['Content-Type' => 'application/json'], [encode_json({ message => 'OK' })]];
+    }
+    my $request_info = {
+        method => $req->method,
+        uri    => $req->uri->as_string,
+        content => $req->content,
+        headers => $req->headers->as_string
+    };
+    push @httpd_requests, $request_info;
+    return [200, ['Content-Type' => 'application/json'], [encode_json({
+        code => 0,
+        message => 'Success'
+    })]];
+});
+
+diag(sprintf("started IPv4 server running at %s", $httpd->endpoint()));
+
+my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;
+
+sub test_nic_dnsexit2_update {
+    my ($config, @hostnames) = @_;
+    %ddclient::config = %$config;
+    ddclient::nic_dnsexit2_update(@hostnames);
+}
+
+sub decode_and_sort_array {
+    my ($data) = @_;
+    if (!ref $data) {
+        $data = decode_json($data);
+    }
+    @{$data->{update}} = sort { $a->{type} cmp $b->{type} } @{$data->{update}};
+    return $data;
+}
+
+sub reset_test_data {
+    my $response = $ua->get($httpd->endpoint . '/reset_requests');
+    die "Failed to reset requests" unless $response->is_success;
+    @requests = ();
+}
+
+sub get_requests {
+    my $res = $ua->get($httpd->endpoint . '/get_requests');
+    die "Failed to get requests: " . $res->status_line unless $res->is_success;
+    return @{decode_json($res->decoded_content)};
+}
+
+subtest 'Testing nic_dnsexit2_update' => sub {
+    my %config = (
+        'host.my.zone.com' => {
+            'ssl'      => 'no',
+            'verbose'  => 'yes',
+            'usev4'    => 'ipv4',
+            'wantipv4' => '8.8.4.4',
+            'usev6'    => 'ipv6',
+            'wantipv6' => '2001:4860:4860::8888',
+            'protocol' => 'dnsexit2',
+            'password' => 'mytestingpassword',
+            'zone'     => 'my.zone.com',
+            'server'   => $httpd->host_port(),
+            'path'     => '/update',
+            'ttl'      => 5
+    });
+    test_nic_dnsexit2_update(\%config, 'host.my.zone.com');
+    @requests = get_requests();
+    is($requests[0]->{method}, 'POST', 'Method is correct');
+    is($requests[0]->{uri}, '/update', 'URI contains correct path');
+    like($requests[0]->{headers}, qr/Content-Type: application\/json/, 'Content-Type header is correct');
+    like($requests[0]->{headers}, qr/Accept: application\/json/, 'Accept header is correct');
+    my $data = decode_and_sort_array($requests[0]->{content});
+    my $expected_data = decode_and_sort_array({
+        'domain'     => 'my.zone.com',
+        'apikey'     => 'mytestingpassword',
+        'update' => [
+            {
+                'type' => 'A',
+                'name' => 'host',
+                'content' => '8.8.4.4',
+                'ttl' => 5,
+            },
+            {
+                'type' => 'AAAA',
+                'name' => 'host',
+                'content' => '2001:4860:4860::8888',
+                'ttl' => 5,
+            }
+        ]
+    });
+    is_deeply($data, $expected_data, 'Data is correct');
+    reset_test_data();
+};
+
+subtest 'Testing nic_dnsexit2_update without a zone set' => sub {
+    my %config = (
+        'myhost.zone.com' => {
+            'ssl'      => 'yes',
+            'verbose'  => 'yes',
+            'usev4'    => 'ipv4',
+            'wantipv4' => '8.8.4.4',
+            'protocol' => 'dnsexit2',
+            'password' => 'anotherpassword',
+            'server'   => $httpd->host_port(),
+            'path'     => '/update-alt',
+            'ttl'      => 10
+    });
+    test_nic_dnsexit2_update(\%config, 'myhost.zone.com');
+    @requests = get_requests();
+    my $data = decode_and_sort_array($requests[0]->{content});
+    my $expected_data = decode_and_sort_array({
+        'domain'     => 'myhost.zone.com',
+        'apikey'     => 'anotherpassword',
+        'update' => [
+            {
+                'type' => 'A',
+                'name' => '',
+                'content' => '8.8.4.4',
+                'ttl' => 10,
+            }
+        ]
+    });
+    is_deeply($data, $expected_data, 'Data is correct');
+    reset_test_data($ua);
+};
+
+subtest 'Testing nic_dnsexit2_update with two hostnames, one with a zone and one without' => sub {
+    my %config = (
+        'host1.zone.com' => {
+            'ssl'      => 'yes',
+            'verbose'  => 'yes',
+            'usev4'    => 'ipv4',
+            'wantipv4' => '8.8.4.4',
+            'protocol' => 'dnsexit2',
+            'password' => 'testingpassword',
+            'server'   => $httpd->host_port(),
+            'path'     => '/update',
+            'ttl'      => 5
+        },
+        'host2.zone.com' => {
+            'ssl'      => 'yes',
+            'verbose'  => 'yes',
+            'usev6'    => 'ipv6',
+            'wantipv6' => '2001:4860:4860::8888',
+            'protocol' => 'dnsexit2',
+            'password' => 'testingpassword',
+            'server'   => $httpd->host_port(),
+            'path'     => '/update',
+            'ttl'      => 10,
+            'zone'     => 'zone.com'
+        }
+    );
+    test_nic_dnsexit2_update(\%config, 'host1.zone.com', 'host2.zone.com');
+    my $expected_data1 = decode_and_sort_array({
+        'domain'     => 'host1.zone.com',
+        'apikey'     => 'testingpassword',
+        'update' => [
+            {
+                'type' => 'A',
+                'name' => '',
+                'content' => '8.8.4.4',
+                'ttl' => 5,
+            }
+        ]
+    });
+    my $expected_data2 = decode_and_sort_array({
+        'domain'     => 'zone.com',
+        'apikey'     => 'testingpassword',
+        'update' => [
+            {
+                'type' => 'AAAA',
+                'name' => 'host2',
+                'content' => '2001:4860:4860::8888',
+                'ttl' => 10,
+            }
+        ]
+    });
+    @requests = get_requests();
+    for my $i (0..1) {
+        my $data = decode_and_sort_array($requests[$i]->{content});
+        is_deeply($data, $expected_data1, 'Data is correct for call host1') if $i == 0;
+        is_deeply($data, $expected_data2, 'Data is correct for call host2') if $i == 1;
+    }
+    reset_test_data();
+};
+
+done_testing();

t/get_ip_from_if.pl

@@ -39,23 +39,30 @@ subtest "get_ip_from_interface tests" => sub {
     }
 };
 
-subtest "Get default interface and IP for test system" => sub {
+subtest "Get default interface and IP for test system (IPv4)" => sub {
     my $interface = ddclient::get_default_interface(4);
-    if ($interface) {
+    plan(skip_all => 'no IPv4 interface') if !$interface;
-        isnt($interface, "lo", "Check for loopback 'lo'");
+    isnt($interface, "lo", "Check for loopback 'lo'");
-        isnt($interface, "lo0", "Check for loopback 'lo0'");
+    isnt($interface, "lo0", "Check for loopback 'lo0'");
-        my $ip1 = ddclient::get_ip_from_interface("default", 4);
+    my $ip1 = ddclient::get_ip_from_interface("default", 4);
-        my $ip2 = ddclient::get_ip_from_interface($interface, 4);
+    my $ip2 = ddclient::get_ip_from_interface($interface, 4);
-        is($ip1, $ip2, "Check IPv4 from default interface");
+    is($ip1, $ip2, "Check IPv4 from default interface");
+    SKIP: {
+        skip('default interface does not have an appropriate IPv4 addresses') if !$ip1;
         ok(ddclient::is_ipv4($ip1), "Valid IPv4 from get_ip_from_interface($interface)");
     }
-    $interface = ddclient::get_default_interface(6);
+};
-    if ($interface) {
+
-        isnt($interface, "lo", "Check for loopback 'lo'");
+subtest "Get default interface and IP for test system (IPv6)" => sub {
-        isnt($interface, "lo0", "Check for loopback 'lo0'");
+    my $interface = ddclient::get_default_interface(6);
-        my $ip1 = ddclient::get_ip_from_interface("default", 6);
+    plan(skip_all => 'no IPv6 interface') if !$interface;
-        my $ip2 = ddclient::get_ip_from_interface($interface, 6);
+    isnt($interface, "lo", "Check for loopback 'lo'");
-        is($ip1, $ip2, "Check IPv6 from default interface");
+    isnt($interface, "lo0", "Check for loopback 'lo0'");
+    my $ip1 = ddclient::get_ip_from_interface("default", 6);
+    my $ip2 = ddclient::get_ip_from_interface($interface, 6);
+    is($ip1, $ip2, "Check IPv6 from default interface");
+    SKIP: {
+        skip('default interface does not have an appropriate IPv6 addresses') if !$ip1;
         ok(ddclient::is_ipv6($ip1), "Valid IPv6 from get_ip_from_interface($interface)");
     }
 };

t/geturl_response.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+use Test::More;
+SKIP: { eval { require Test::Warnings; } or skip($@, 1); }
+eval { require 'ddclient'; } or BAIL_OUT($@);
+
+# Fake curl.  Use the printf utility, which can process escapes.  This allows Perl to drive the fake
+# curl with plain ASCII and get arbitrary bytes back, avoiding problems caused by any encoding that
+# might be done by Perl (e.g., "use open ':encoding(UTF-8)';").
+my @fakecurl = ('sh', '-c', 'printf %b "$1"', '--');
+
+my @test_cases = (
+    {
+        desc => 'binary body',
+        # Body is UTF-8 encoded ✨ (U+2728 Sparkles) followed by a 0xff byte (invalid UTF-8).
+        printf => join('\r\n', ('HTTP/1.1 200 OK', '', '\0342\0234\0250\0377')),
+        # The raw bytes should come through as equally valued codepoints.  They must not be decoded.
+        want => "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n\n\xe2\x9c\xa8\xff",
+    },
+);
+
+for my $tc (@test_cases) {
+    @ddclient::curl = (@fakecurl, $tc->{printf});
+    $ddclient::curl if 0;  # suppress spurious warning "Name used only once: possible typo"
+    my $got = ddclient::geturl(url => 'http://ignored');
+    is($got, $tc->{want}, $tc->{desc});
+}
+
+done_testing();

t/group_hosts_by.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+use Test::More;
+SKIP: { eval { require Test::Warnings; } or skip($@, 1); }
+eval { require 'ddclient'; } or BAIL_OUT($@);
+eval { require Data::Dumper; } or skip($@, 1);
+Data::Dumper->import();
+
+my $h1 = 'h1';
+my $h2 = 'h2';
+my $h3 = 'h3';
+
+$ddclient::config{$h1} = {
+    common => 'common',
+    h1h2 => 'h1 and h2',
+    unique => 'h1',
+    falsy => 0,
+    maybeunset => 'unique',
+};
+$ddclient::config{$h2} = {
+    common => 'common',
+    h1h2 => 'h1 and h2',
+    unique => 'h2',
+    falsy => '',
+    maybeunset => undef,  # should not be grouped with unset
+};
+$ddclient::config{$h3} = {
+    common => 'common',
+    h1h2 => 'unique',
+    unique => 'h3',
+    falsy => undef,
+    # maybeunset is intentionally not set
+};
+
+my @test_cases = (
+    {
+        desc => 'empty attribute set yields single group with all hosts',
+        groupby => [qw()],
+        want => [{cfg => {}, hosts => [$h1, $h2, $h3]}],
+    },
+    {
+        desc => 'common attribute yields single group with all hosts',
+        groupby => [qw(common)],
+        want => [{cfg => {common => 'common'}, hosts => [$h1, $h2, $h3]}],
+    },
+    {
+        desc => 'subset share a value',
+        groupby => [qw(h1h2)],
+        want => [
+            {cfg => {h1h2 => 'h1 and h2'}, hosts => [$h1, $h2]},
+            {cfg => {h1h2 => 'unique'}, hosts => [$h3]},
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        desc => 'all unique',
+        groupby => [qw(unique)],
+        want => [
+            {cfg => {unique => 'h1'}, hosts => [$h1]},
+            {cfg => {unique => 'h2'}, hosts => [$h2]},
+            {cfg => {unique => 'h3'}, hosts => [$h3]},
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        desc => 'combination',
+        groupby => [qw(common h1h2)],
+        want => [
+            {cfg => {common => 'common', h1h2 => 'h1 and h2'}, hosts => [$h1, $h2]},
+            {cfg => {common => 'common', h1h2 => 'unique'}, hosts => [$h3]},
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        desc => 'falsy values',
+        groupby => [qw(falsy)],
+        want => [
+            {cfg => {falsy => 0}, hosts => [$h1]},
+            {cfg => {falsy => ''}, hosts => [$h2]},
+            {cfg => {falsy => undef}, hosts => [$h3]},
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        desc => 'set, unset, undef',
+        groupby => [qw(maybeunset)],
+        want => [
+            {cfg => {maybeunset => 'unique'}, hosts => [$h1]},
+            {cfg => {maybeunset => undef}, hosts => [$h2]},
+            {cfg => {}, hosts => [$h3]},
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        desc => 'missing attribute',
+        groupby => [qw(thisdoesnotexist)],
+        want => [{cfg => {}, hosts => [$h1, $h2, $h3]}],
+    },
+);
+
+for my $tc (@test_cases) {
+    my @got = ddclient::group_hosts_by([$h1, $h2, $h3], @{$tc->{groupby}});
+    # @got is used as a set of sets.  Sort everything to make comparison easier.
+    $_->{hosts} = [sort(@{$_->{hosts}})] for @got;
+    @got = sort({
+        for (my $i = 0; $i < @{$a->{hosts}} && $i < @{$b->{hosts}}; ++$i) {
+            my $x = $a->{hosts}[$i] cmp $b->{hosts}[$i];
+            return $x if $x != 0;
+        }
+        return @{$a->{hosts}} <=> @{$b->{hosts}};
+    } @got);
+    is_deeply(\@got, $tc->{want}, $tc->{desc})
+        or diag(Data::Dumper->new([\@got, $tc->{want}],
+                                  [qw(got want)])->Sortkeys(1)->Useqq(1)->Dump());
+}
+
+done_testing();

t/header_ok.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+use Test::More;
+SKIP: { eval { require Test::Warnings; } or skip($@, 1); }
+eval { require 'ddclient'; } or BAIL_OUT($@);
+my $have_mock = eval { require Test::MockModule; };
+
+my $failmsg;
+my $module;
+if ($have_mock) {
+    $module = Test::MockModule->new('ddclient');
+    # Note: 'mock' is used instead of 'redefine' because 'redefine' is not available in the versions
+    # of Test::MockModule distributed with old Debian and Ubuntu releases.
+    $module->mock('failed', sub { $failmsg //= ''; $failmsg .= sprintf(shift, @_) . "\n"; });
+}
+
+my @test_cases = (
+    {
+        desc => 'malformed not OK',
+        input => 'malformed',
+        want => 0,
+        wantmsg => qr/unexpected/,
+    },
+    {
+        desc => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
+        input => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
+        want => 1,
+    },
+    {
+        desc => 'HTTP/2 200 OK',
+        input => 'HTTP/2 200 OK',
+        want => 1,
+    },
+    {
+        desc => 'HTTP/3 200 OK',
+        input => 'HTTP/3 200 OK',
+        want => 1,
+    },
+    {
+        desc => '401 not OK, fallback message',
+        input => 'HTTP/1.1 401 ',
+        want => 0,
+        wantmsg => qr/authentication failed/,
+    },
+    {
+        desc => '403 not OK, fallback message',
+        input => 'HTTP/1.1 403 ',
+        want => 0,
+        wantmsg => qr/not authorized/,
+    },
+    {
+        desc => 'other 4xx not OK',
+        input => 'HTTP/1.1 456 bad',
+        want => 0,
+        wantmsg => qr/bad/,
+    },
+    {
+        desc => 'only first line is logged on error',
+        input => "HTTP/1.1 404 not found\n\nbody",
+        want => 0,
+        wantmsg => qr/(?!body)/,
+    },
+);
+
+for my $tc (@test_cases) {
+    subtest $tc->{desc} => sub {
+        $failmsg = '';
+        is(ddclient::header_ok('host', $tc->{input}), $tc->{want}, 'return value matches');
+        SKIP: {
+            skip('Test::MockModule not available') if !$have_mock;
+            like($failmsg, $tc->{wantmsg} // qr/^$/, 'fail message matches');
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+done_testing();

t/interval_expired.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+use Test::More;
+SKIP: { eval { require Test::Warnings; } or skip($@, 1); }
+eval { require 'ddclient'; } or BAIL_OUT($@);
+
+my $h = 't/interval_expired.pl';
+
+my $default_now = 1000000000;
+
+my @test_cases = (
+    {
+        interval => 'inf',
+        want => 0,
+    },
+    {
+        now => 'inf',
+        interval => 'inf',
+        want => 0,
+    },
+    {
+        cache => '-inf',
+        interval => 'inf',
+        want => 0,
+    },
+    {
+        cache => undef,  # Falsy cache value.
+        interval => 'inf',
+        want => 0,
+    },
+    {
+        now => 0,
+        cache => 0,  # Different kind of falsy cache value.
+        interval => 'inf',
+        want => 0,
+    },
+);
+
+for my $tc (@test_cases) {
+    $tc->{now} //= $default_now;
+    # For convenience, $tc->{cache} is an offset from $tc->{now}, not an absolute time..
+    my $cachetime = $tc->{now} + $tc->{cache} if defined($tc->{cache});
+    $ddclient::config{$h} = {'interval' => $tc->{interval}};
+    %ddclient::config if 0;  # suppress spurious warning "Name used only once: possible typo"
+    $ddclient::cache{$h} = {'cached-time' => $cachetime} if defined($cachetime);
+    %ddclient::cache if 0;  # suppress spurious warning "Name used only once: possible typo"
+    $ddclient::now = $tc->{now};
+    $ddclient::now if 0; # suppress spurious warning "Name used only once: possible typo"
+    my $desc = "now=$tc->{now}, cache=${\($cachetime // 'undef')}, interval=$tc->{interval}";
+    is(ddclient::interval_expired($h, 'cached-time', 'interval'), $tc->{want}, $desc);
+}
+
+done_testing();

t/variable_defaults.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+use Test::More;
+SKIP: { eval { require Test::Warnings; } or skip($@, 1); }
+eval { require 'ddclient'; } or BAIL_OUT($@);
+
+my %variable_collections = (
+    map({ ($_ => $ddclient::variables{$_}) } grep($_ ne 'merged', keys(%ddclient::variables))),
+    map({ ("protocol=$_" => $ddclient::protocols{$_}{variables}); } keys(%ddclient::protocols)),
+);
+my %seen;
+my @test_cases = (
+    map({
+        my $vcn = $_;
+        my $vc = $variable_collections{$_};
+        map({
+            my $def = $vc->{$_};
+            my $seen = exists($seen{$def});
+            $seen{$def} = undef;
+            ({desc => "$vcn $_", def => $vc->{$_}}) x !$seen;
+        } sort(keys(%$vc)));
+    } sort(keys(%variable_collections))),
+);
+for my $tc (@test_cases) {
+    if ($tc->{def}{required}) {
+        is($tc->{def}{default}, undef, "'$tc->{desc}' (required) has no default");
+    } else {
+        my $norm;
+        my $valid = eval { $norm = ddclient::check_value($tc->{def}{default}, $tc->{def}); 1; };
+        ok($valid, "'$tc->{desc}' (optional) has a valid default");
+        is($norm, $tc->{def}{default}, "'$tc->{desc}' default normalizes to itself") if $valid;
+    }
+}
+done_testing();

t/write_recap.pl

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ my @test_cases = (
 
 for my $tc (@test_cases) {
     $warning = undef;
-    ddclient::write_cache($tc->{f});
+    ddclient::write_recap($tc->{f});
     subtest $tc->{name} => sub {
         if (defined($tc->{warning_regex})) {
             like($warning, $tc->{warning_regex}, "expected warning message");